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1 ETA (separatist group) - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)
ETA, an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna was an armed Basque nationalist and separatist ... The Democratic Alternative offered the cessation of all armed ETA ...
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2 Constitutional responses to extremist political associations
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/legal-studies/article/constitutional-responses-to-extremist-political-associations-eta-batasuna-and-democratic-norms/DB05E1184CE96303FEE565E6B1CE1CF6
This paper takes as its focus the constitutional issues raised by the banning in Spain of Batasuna – the political wing of ETA. A legal challenge to the ban is ...
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3 ETA (Euskadi ta Askatasuna, Basque Homeland and Freedom ...
http://recursos.march.es/web/ceacs/proyectos/dtv/pdf/ETA%20(Kledja).pdf
During the transition to democracy, the possibility of incorporating Navarre in the BAC tute of Navarre contemplates unification with the BAC if a majority of ...
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4 9 Civil Action against ETA Terrorism in Basque Country
https://academic.oup.com/book/38649/chapter/335703487
They developed alternative narratives based on values such as tolerance, human rights, and defense of representative democracy. These coalesced into an opposing ...
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5 The International Dimension of ETA's Terrorism and the ... - jstor
https://www.jstor.org/stable/48602794
His book on ETA, the GAL, and Spanish democracy, Dirty War, Clean Hands, will be published in the United ... the democratic Basque nationalist parties.
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6 ETA: From Dictatorship to Democracy | Small Wars Journal
https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/eta-dictatorship-democracy
The first observation is that, historically, Basque nationalism has been defined in negative terms, that is, Basque identity and the cause of ...
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7 Terrorism and Democracy | Annual Review of Political Science
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-polisci-032211-221825
The simple reason is that no one has yet offered an alternative that resolves ... (Tarrow 1989), followed by several waves of terrorism (della Porta 1995).
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8 From Terrorism to Politics - Page 71 - Google Books Result
https://books.google.com/books?id=uHcGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA71&lpg=PA71&dq=eta+1995+democratic+alternative&source=bl&ots=ZRyXof-W8j&sig=ACfU3U1Nb-n5JQ2KrIiWBA7km5RRnuvxLQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ1da57dP7AhVRIrkGHaXKBF0Q6AF6BAhzEAM
They also threatened heads of all political parties.30 The Political Turn In 1995, ETA made a peace proposal known as the Democratic Alternative.31 It ...
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9 ETA and state action: The development of Spanish antiterrorism
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/handle/10256/18553/AM-ETAStateAction.pdf?sequence=1
Rather than die with the return of democracy, ETA transformed and ... Della Porta (1995) introduced the concept of the 'policing of protest' to carry out a ...
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10 The legitimization of political violence: A case study of ETA in ...
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-08465-004
Shabad, G., Llera, F. J. (1995). Political violence in a democratic state: Basque terrorism in Spain. In M. Crenshaw, (Ed.), Terrorism in context (pp. 410-472).
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11 'The times, they are a-changin''
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2F9781403943897_7.pdf
any political concession to terrorism, ETA and its political wing demanded ... the paramilitary organization, the so-called 'Democratic Alternative' in.
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12 Timeline of terrorism in the Basque Country (1968-2011)
https://www.arovite.com/en/timeline/
ETA promoted its «Democratic Alternative», another version of «KAS alternative», searching for the union of the abertzale forces to achieve self-determination ...
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13 Updated Report On Truce By ETA
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/62/190.html
... video explaining ETA's peace proposal, the Democratic Alternative. ... In 1995, contacts between ETA and the Socialists were made again ...
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14 Bloody campaign and gradual demise of Basque group ETA
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spain-eta-timeline/bloody-campaign-and-gradual-demise-of-basque-group-eta-idUSKBN178192
1975 - Spain becomes democracy but ETA continues its violent campaign, altering previous public perception of movement as force for ...
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15 About Us - International IDEA
https://www.idea.int/about-us
The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance ... Founding Declaration (1995); Our International Day of Democracy Declaration (2015).
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16 Ethnicity and Violence: The Case of Radical Basque Nationalism
https://books.google.com/books?id=CIyoMIErHrwC&pg=PT214&lpg=PT214&dq=eta+1995+democratic+alternative&source=bl&ots=DrXajy_b4g&sig=ACfU3U2X13ZmAcqivaVwtC5Jtc-fy1ml7A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ1da57dP7AhVRIrkGHaXKBF0Q6AF6BAhyEAM
Three years later, in 1995, ETA updated the KAS Alternative with the Democratic Alternativewhichgave aminor political roletoHBin a hypothetical peace ...
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17 terrorist organisation: eta, 1959-2018 - Archive ouverte HAL
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03340002/document
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), the armed Basque organisation, ... reflect on forms of radical action (Della Porta, 1995; Fillieule, 1997; ...
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18 ETA Terrorism and Democracy in Post-Franco Spain
https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/68972
Instead of calming the conflict, the government countered ETA's violence with like-minded brutality. During Spain's six-year democratic transition, ETA attacks ...
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19 (PDF) Analyzing temporal variation in the lethality of ETA
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44200721_Analyzing_temporal_variation_in_the_lethality_of_ETA
1973 and ends with the celebration of the first democratic elections in June ... KAS Alternative (the most important being the right to self-determination, ...
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20 Introduction - Department of Political Science
https://politicalscience.ceu.edu/sites/politicalscience.ceu.hu/files/basic_page/field_attachment/asta.doc
A LONG-TERM TERRORIST CAMPAIGN AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE: THE ROLE OF ETA IN ... drawn: (1) democratic political actors take the elements available in the ...
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21 The use of the Internet for terrorist purposes - UNODC
https://www.unodc.org/documents/frontpage/Use_of_Internet_for_Terrorist_Purposes.pdf
and social conditions, and highlight alternatives to violent means of achieving the desired ... Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights,.
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22 Ending ETA's Armed Campaign: How and Why the Basque Armed ...
https://books.google.com/books?id=qislDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=eta+1995+democratic+alternative&source=bl&ots=7yxAaRwaDF&sig=ACfU3U0HpKXB-Qswl6BDDJYvb6iUOsSC5g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ1da57dP7AhVRIrkGHaXKBF0Q6AF6BAh0EAM
26 ETA, “Euskadi Ta Askatasunaren Agiria Euskal Herriari,” April 20, 1995. English version of the Democratic Alternative full text in Aiartza and Zabalo, ...
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23 Web Exchange–Erik Voeten - Journal of Democracy
https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Journal-of-Democracy-Web-Exchange-Voeten_0.pdf
definitions Romania and Poland were not consolidated democracies in 1995 or ... that it cannot show evidence of preferences for alternatives to democracy or ...
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24 REBEL BASQUES, SPAIN DUEL INTO A DEADLY CORNER ...
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-10-31-9710310408-story.html
The Basque conflict has been on the boil since July when ETA, ... The proposal, called the Democratic Alternative, suggests a referendum in the Basque ...
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25 Building Resilience Against Terrorism: Canada's Counter ...
https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/rslnc-gnst-trrrsm/index-en.aspx
As seen in Oklahoma City in 1995 and in Norway in 2011, ... supporters will seek to take advantage of Canada's open, democratic society, ...
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26 Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Terrorist Attacks by ETA ...
https://ccjs.umd.edu/sites/ccjs.umd.edu/files/pubs/2COMPLIANT%20-%20Spatial%20and%20Temporal%20Patterns%20of%20Terrorist%20Attacks%20by%20ETA%201970%20to%202007.pdf
with nearly every democratic government in Spain since Franco, has initiated ... division codes to 1,891 (95%) of the ETA attacks.7 The NUTS ...
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27 A very special court hearing in Madrid | An Phoblacht
https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/2655
The Alternative had been made public by ETA in April 1995, ... there are no peaceful democratic channels to defend certain ideas, such as independence''.
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28 2011 : Modiwlau , Prifysgol Aberystwyth - Aberystwyth University
https://www.aber.ac.uk/cy/modules/2011/SP21320/
The Basques, the Catalans and Spain :alternative routes to nationalist ... (1995.) Democratic Spain :reshaping external relations in a changing world ...
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29 Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) (Spain, separatists ...
https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/basque-fatherland-and-liberty-eta-spain-separatists-euskadi-ta-askatasuna
In 2003, the Spanish Supreme Court banned the Batasuna political party, which was considered the political arm of ETA, and successive efforts by ...
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30 Endgame for ETA: Elusive Peace in the Basque Country
https://books.google.com/books?id=DkFeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=eta+1995+democratic+alternative&source=bl&ots=Yv-V-SM2JB&sig=ACfU3U1rwscjpzutoHq4QKZG-9ODtD6ZTQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ1da57dP7AhVRIrkGHaXKBF0Q6AF6BAh1EAM
This new and disastrous course was suggested in January 1995 when ETA gunned down ... strategy with the optimistic title of the 'Democratic Alternative'.
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31 Nationalism, Violence and Democracy: The Basque Clash of ...
https://books.google.com/books?id=OlWEDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=eta+1995+democratic+alternative&source=bl&ots=jBpeIShHiC&sig=ACfU3U0TnhKcDC31M6QmCEXofNko02GrFA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ1da57dP7AhVRIrkGHaXKBF0Q6AF6BAh2EAM
Now it was officially recognized as a core idea in the new ETA programme. But the 'Democratic Alternative' was a return to Algeria also in another sense, ...
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32 Spain – 'Spain gripped by mass protest against the ETA gunmen ...
https://socratichive.wordpress.com/state-violence-and-terrorism/spain-spain-gripped-by-mass-protest-against-the-eta-gunmen-independent-1997/
Shabad and Ramo (1995:411) make note of ETA's ideological program, set in the 1970s named the five-point KAS Alternative, which explains the conditions ...
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33 The Strategic Communication Power of Terrorism: The Case ...
https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/binaries/content/assets/customsites/perspectives-on-terrorism/2018/issue-5/garcia.pdf
Basque nationalist ideology were less willing to express their ideas even under a democratic regime. This case study shows ETA's social and political fabric ...
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34 PUTIN'S ASYMMETRIC ASSAULT ON DEMOCRACY IN ...
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CPRT-115SPRT28110/html/CPRT-115SPRT28110.htm
145 U.S. Efforts to Create Alternative and Accurate Quality Programming. ... 95\ The backlash against political competition reached alarming levels in ...
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35 361-Emerald_AEAP-V016-3611176_CH005 143..172
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S0885-333920150000016012/full/pdf?title=formal-organizational-power-and-innovation-from-a-principal-agent-to-an-institutionalist-view
principal-agent framework and propose an alternative institutionalist ... approximating an organizational ideal-type of collectivism and democratic.
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36 7""25274 81030 7 I
https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/workersvanguard/1999/0711_16_04_1999.pdf
U.S. since 1995, hitting a major military ... to wide support for separatist Herri Batasuna and ETA. ... the "democratic alternative" proposed by.
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37 Untitled - Yale Law School |
https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/1_a._Kymlicka.pdf
democracy, such as individual freedom, social equality, and democracy? The ... sophical articles on these issues (Baker 1994; Kymlicka 1995b; Lehning 1998; ...
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38 History will judge ETA as a failed terrorist group, but there are ...
https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2018/05/10/history-will-judge-eta-as-a-failed-terrorist-group-but-there-are-lessons-to-be-learned/
The Basque separatist group ETA has formally announced it is disbanding, ... even after Franco's death and Spain's return to democracy, ...
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39 herries - English definition, grammar, pronunciation, synonyms and ...
https://glosbe.com/en/en/herries
He left Herri Batasuna in 1995 after the party refused to condemn ETA violence. ... and instead to promote democratic dialogue with the majority of the ...
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